فهرست نسل‌کشی‌ها بر پایه آمار تلفات
فهرست نسل‌کشی‌ها بر پایه آمار تلفات
هولوکاست
اروپای تحت اشغال آلمان نازی
۱۹۴۱ ۱۹۴۵
۵٬۷۵۰٬۰۰۰- ۶٬۰۰۰٬۰۰۰
۲/۳ میلیون نفر از یهودیان اروپا.
نسل‌کشی لهستانی
اروپای تحت اشغال آلمان نازی
۱۹۳۹ ۱۹۴۵
۱٬۸۰۰٬۰۰۰
۳٬۰۰۰٬۰۰۰
۶٪ تا ۱۰٪ از کل جمعیت غیریهودی لهستان. ۳میلیون یهودی لهستانی دیگر نیز در جریان هولوکاست در لهستان کشته شدند.
نسل‌کشی کامبوج
کمپوچیای دمکراتیک
۱۹۷۵ ۱۹۷۹
۱٬۳۸۶٬۷۳۴
۳٬۰۰۰٬۰۰۰
۱۵–۳۳٪
از جمعیت کامبوج کشته شدند شامل:
۹۹٪ از ویتنامی‌های کامبوج
۵۰٪ از چینی‌ها و چام‌های کامبوج
۴۰٪ از لائوها و تای‌های کامبوج
۲۵٪ از خمرهای شهری
۱۶٪ از خمرهای روستایی
نسل‌کشی ارمنی‌ها
امپراتوری عثمانی
(مناطق ترکیه، سوریه و عراق امروزی)
۱۹۱۵ ۱۹۲۲
۷۰۰٬۰۰۰
۱٬۸۰۰٬۰۰۰
حداقل ۵۰٪ از مردم ارمنی ساکن ترکیه کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی رواندا
رواندا ۱۹۹۴
۴۹۱٬۰۰۰
۸۰۰٬۰۰۰
۶۰–۷۰٪ از توتسی‌های رواندا کشته شدند
۷٪ از جمعیت کل رواندا کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی یونانیان شامل نسل‌کشی پونتی‌ها امپراتوری عثمانی
(مناطق ترکیه امروزی)
۱۹۱۴ ۱۹۲۲
۳۰۰٬۰۰۰
۷۰۰٬۰۰۰
حداقل ۲۵٪ از یونانی‌های آناتولی (ترکیه) کشته شدند.
نسل‌کشی جونغارها
دودمان چینگ (جونغارستان)
۱۷۵۵ ۱۷۵۸ ۴۸۰٬۰۰۰
۶۰۰٬۰۰۰
۸۰٪ از ۶۰۰٬۰۰۰ جونغار اویرات کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی چرکس‌ها
چرکسیه، قفقاز
۱۸۶۴ ۱۸۶۷
۴۰۰٬۰۰۰
۱٬۵۰۰٬۰۰۰
۹۰٪ تا ۹۷٪ از کل جمعیت چرکس‌ها توسط نیروهای روسی از کشته یا تبعید شدند.
نسل‌کشی بنگالی‌ها پاکستان شرقی (مناطق بنگلادش امروزی)
۱۹۷۱
۳۰۰٬۰۰۰
۳٬۰۰۰٬۰۰۰
۲٪تا ۴٪ از جمعیت پاکستان شرقی
نسل‌کشی آشوری‌ها
امپراتوری عثمانی (مناطق ترکیه، سوریه و عراق امروزی)
۱۹۱۵ ۱۹۲۳
۲۰۰٬۰۰۰
۷۵۰٬۰۰۰
نسل‌کشی هزاره‌ها
افغانستان هزاره‌جات (افغانستان)
۱۸۹۳ ۱۹۰۰
۵۰۰٬۰۰۰ ۶۰۰٬۰۰۰
۶۷٪ از مردم هزاره
نسل‌کشی‌های کرواسی شامل نسل‌کشی صرب‌ها دولت مستقل کرواسی (مناطق کرواسی، بوسنی و هرزگوین و صربستان امروزی)
۱۹۴۱ ۱۹۴۵
۲۰۰٬۰۰۰
۵۰۰٬۰۰۰
[ ۱۳٪ تا ۲۱٪ از صرب‌هایردولت مستقل کرواسی کشته شدند.
کشتارهای هوتوها در جریان جنگ نخست کنگو زئیر
۱۹۹۶ ۱۹۹۷
۲۰۰٬۰۰۰
۲۳۲٬۰۰۰
نسل‌کشی کولی‌ها
اروپای تحت اشغال آلمان نازی
۱۹۳۵ ۱۹۴۵
۱۳۰٬۰۰۰
۵۰۰٬۰۰۰
۲۵٪ از کولی‌های اروپا کشته شدند
عملیات لهستانی‌های کمیساریای خلق (نسل‌کشی لهستانی‌ها)
اتحاد جماهیر شوروی سوسیالیستی
۱۹۳۷ ۱۹۳۸
۱۱۱٬۰۹۱
۲۵۰٬۰۰۰
۲۲٪ از لهستانی‌های شوروی کشته شدند (۱۴۰٬۰۰۰ نفر)
نسل‌کشی چچن‌ها و اینگوش‌ها
۱۹۴۴ ۱۹۴۸
۱۰۰٬۰۰۰
۴۰۰٬۰۰۰
۲۳٫۵٪ تا حدود ۵۰٪ از کل جمعیت چچن‌ها کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی آکولی‌ها و لانگوها به دست عیدی امین
اوگاندا
۱۹۷۲ ۱۹۷۸
۱۰۰٬۰۰۰
۳۰۰٬۰۰۰
نسل‌کشی دارفور
دارفور، سودان
۲۰۰۳
۹۸٬۰۰۰
۵۰۰٬۰۰۰
نسل‌کشی تیمور شرقی
تیمور شرقی، اندونزی
۱۹۷۵ ۱۹۹۹
۸۵٬۳۲۰
۱۹۶٬۷۲۰
۱۳٪ تا ۴۴٪ از جمعیت کل تیمور شرقی کشته شدند
ایکیزا
بوروندی
۱۹۷۲
۸۰٬۰۰۰
۳۰۰٬۰۰۰
۱۰٪ تا ۱۵٪ از جمعیت هوتوهای بوروندی کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی بامبوتی
کیوو شمالی، جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو
۲۰۰۲ ۲۰۰۳
۶۰٬۰۰۰
۷۰٬۰۰۰
۴۰٪ از پیگمه‌های شرق کنگو کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی اسحاق‌ها
سومالی
۱۹۸۸ ۱۹۹۱
۵۰٬۰۰۰
۲۰۰٬۰۰۰
عملیات انفال
عراق
۱۹۸۶ ۱۹۸۹
۵۰٬۰۰۰
۱۸۲٬۰۰۰
'نسل‌کشی بوسنیایی‌ها و کروات‌ها
پادشاهی یوگسلاوی یوگسلاوی اشغالی (مناطق کرواسی، صربستان، بوسنی و هرزگوین و مونته‌نگرو امروزی)
۱۹۴۱ ۱۹۴۵
۴۷٬۰۰۰
۶۵٬۰۰۰
نسل‌کشی تامیل
(به‌ویژه در ۲۰۰۹)
تامیل ایلام، سری‌لانکا
۱۹۵۶ ۲۰۰۹
۴۰٬۰۰۰
۱۴۰٬۰۰۰+
میان ۱۰٪ و ۳۵٪ از تامیل‌های سری‌لانکایی ساکن تامیل ایلام تحت کنترل ببرهای تامیل.
کوچ اجباری تاتارهای کریمه
اتحاد جماهیر شوروی سوسیالیستی ( جمهوری کریمه)
۱۹۴۴ ۱۹۴۸
۳۴٬۰۰۰
۱۹۵٬۴۷۱
کوچ اجباری و تبعیدهای پس از آن جمعیت تاتارهای کریمه را میان ۱۸٪ تا ۴۶٪ کاهش داد.
نسل‌کشی در آفریقای جنوب باختری
آلمان آفریقای جنوب باختری آلمان
۱۹۰۴ ۱۹۰۸
۳۴٬۰۰۰
۱۱۰٬۰۰۰
۶۰٪ (۲۴٬۰۰۰ از ۴۰٬۰۰۰) تا ۸۱٫۲۵٪ (۶۵٬۰۰۰ از ۸۰٬۰۰۰) از کل هرروها و ۵۰٪ از ناماعا کشته شدند.
نسل‌کشی گواتمالا
گواتمالا
۱۹۶۲ ۱۹۹۶
۳۲٬۶۳۲
۱۶۶٬۰۰۰
۴۰٪ از مایاهای (۲۴٬۰۰۰ نفر) گواتمالا کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی کالیفرنیا
کالیفرنیا، ایالات متحده آمریکا
۱۸۴۶
۱۸۷۳
۹٬۴۹۲–۱۶٬۰۹۴
۱۲۰٬۰۰۰
۸۰٪ از جمعیت سرخ‌پوست‌ها کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی بومیان کوئینزلند
کوئینزلند، استرالیا
۱۸۴۰
۱۸۹۷
۱۰٬۰۰۰
۶۵٬۱۸۰
۳٫۳٪ تا بیش از ۵۰٪ جمعیت بومیان کشته شدند
(۱۰٬۰۰۰[ تا ۶۵٬۱۸۰ از ۱۲۵٬۶۰۰ کشته شدند
نسل‌کشی روهینگیا
میانمار
۲۰۱۷
تاکنون
۹٬۰۰۰–۱۳٬۷۰۰
۴۳٬۰۰۰
پیش از۲۰۱۵ بحران مهاجران روهینگیا و سرکوب نظامی در سال ۲۰۱۶ و ۲۰۱۷, جمعیت روهینگیایی‌های میانماار میان ۱٫۰ تا ۱٫۳ میلیون بود. از سال ۲۰۱۵، بیش از ۹۰۰٬۰۰۰ مهاجر روهینگیایی به بنگلادش، دیگر کشورهای همسایه و کشورهای بزرگ اسلامی گریختند. بیش از ۱۰۰٬۰۰۰ روهینگیایی در میانمار در کمپ‌های مهاجران هستند.
نسل‌کشی بوسنی
بوسنی و هرزگوین
۱۹۹۲ ۱۹۹۵
کمی بیش از ۸٬۰۰۰
۳۱٬۱۰۷–۳۹٬۱۹۹
بیش از ۳٪ جمعیت بوسنیایی‌های بوسنی و هرزگوین در دوران جنگ بوسنی کشته شدند.
کشتار ۱۸۰۴ هائیتی
هائیتی
۱۸۰۴ ۱۸۰۴
۳٬۰۰۰ ۵٬۰۰۰
نسل‌کشی سلکنام
شیلی، تیرا دل فوئگو
اواخر سده ۱۹ اوایل سده ۲۰
۲٬۵۰۰
۴٬۰۰۰
۸۴٪
نسل‌کشی شمار آنها را به ۵۰۰ تا ۳٬۰۰۰ نفر کاهش داد.
نسل‌کشی ایزدی‌ها
منطقه تحت کنترا داعش در شمال عراق و سوریه
۲۰۱۴ ۲۰۱۹
۲٬۱۰۰–۴٬۴۰۰
۱۰٬۰۰۰
نسل‌کشی موریوری
جزایر چاتام، نیوزیلند
۱۸۳۵ ۱۸۶۳
۱٬۹۰۰
۱٬۹۰۰ ۹۵٪ از جمعیت موریوری توسط تاراناکیایی ریشه‌کن شدند. کشته‌شدگان خورده و بازماندگان برده شدند.زبان موریوری امروزه منقرض شده‌است.
کودک‌ربایی در حمله روسیه به اوکراین
روسیه مناطق تحت اشغال روسیه در اوکراین ۲۰۲۲ اکنون
۴۹۴
جنگ سیاه
(نسل‌کشی بومیان تاسمانی)
سرزمین وان دایمن، استرالیا
میانه دهه ۱۸۲۰
۱۸۳۲ ۴۰۰
۱٬۰۰۰
.
منابع
"ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK: Genocide" (PDF). Office of the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide (OSAPG). United Nations. p. 1. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
Rosenfeld, Alvin H. (2008). "The Americanization of the Holocaust". In Moore, Deborah D. (ed.). American Jewish Identity Politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-02464-3.
"Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution". Holocaust Encyclopedia (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2018-12-06.
Berenbaum, Michael (2006). The World Must Know: The History of the Holocaust as Told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. ISBN 978-0-8018-8358-3.
David Furber and Wendy Lower (2008). "Colonialism and genocide in Nazi-occupied Poland and Ukraine". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.). Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History (به انگلیسی). Berghahn Books. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-78238-214-0.
Yehuda Bauer Comparison of Genocides. Studies in Comparative Genocide,1999 31–43.According to Polish sources, about three million ethnic Poles lost their lives during the war, or about 10 per cent of the Polish nation(...) large numbers were murdered, or died as a result of direct German actions such as denying food or medical treatment to Poles, or incarceration in concentration camps. There is no way of estimating the exact proportions, but I believe it would be difficult to deny that we have here a case of mass murder directed against Poles.German plans regarding Poles talked about denationalizing the Polish people, or in other words, making them into individuals who would no longer have any national identity(...)This is a case of genocide - a purposeful attempt toeliminate an ethnicity or a nation, accompanied by the murder of large numbers of the targeted group.''
"Polish Victims" (به انگلیسی). موزه یادبود هولوکاست. Retrieved 30 October 2020. It is estimated that the Germans killed between 1.8 and 1.9 million non-Jewish Polish civilians during World War II. In addition, the Germans murdered at least 3 million Jewish citizens of Poland.
Cherry, Robert D.; Orla-Bukowska, Annamaria (2007). Rethinking Poles and Jews: Troubled Past, Brighter Future (به انگلیسی). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-7425-4666-0. ...and the ruthlessness of German rule in Poland, where three million gentiles also perished and the punishment for hiding a Jew was execution of captured rescuers and their immediate families.
Banki, Judith Herschcopf; Pawlikowski, John (2001). Ethics in the Shadow of the Holocaust: Christian and Jewish Perspectives (به انگلیسی). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-58051-109-4. ...Along with those three million Polish Jews, three million Polish civilians were murdered as well....
"Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam)". www.d.dccam.org. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
"Welcome | Genocide Studies Program". gsp.yale.edu.
Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia". In Reed, Holly E.; Keely, Charles B. (eds.). Forced Migration and Mortality. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust, and Modern Conscience. Touchstone. 1985. pp. 115–16.
Etcheson, Craig (2005). After the Killing Fields: Lessons from the Cambodian Genocide. Greenwood. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-275-98513-4.
Heuveline, Patrick (1998). "'Between One and Three Million': Towards the Demographic Reconstruction of a Decade of Cambodian History (1970–79)". Population Studies. 52 (1): 49–65. doi:10.1080/0032472031000150176. JSTOR 2584763. PMID 11619945.
Ginsborg, Paul (2014). Family Politics: Domestic Life, Devastation and Survival, 1900-1950. Yale University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-300-21105-4.
Adalian, Rouben Paul (2004). "Armenian Genocide". Washington, DC: Armenian National Institute. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
McDoom, Omar Shahabudin (2020). "Contested Counting: Toward a Rigorous Estimate of the Death Toll in the Rwandan Genocide". Journal of Genocide Research. 22 (1): 83–93. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1703252. S2CID 214032255. If one examines the claims for the overall number killed, at the higher end lies the figure of 1,074,017 Rwandan dead. This number originates with the Rwandan government which conducted a nationwide census in July 2000, six years after the genocide. Toward the lower end lies an estimate from Human Rights Watch, one of the first organizations on the ground to investigate the genocide, of 507,000 Tutsi killed... I have estimated between 491,000 and 522,000 Tutsi, nearly two thirds of Rwanda’s pre-genocide Tutsi population, were killed between 6 April and 19 July 1994. I calculated this death toll by subtracting my estimate of between 278,000 and 309,000 Tutsi survivors from my estimate of a baseline Tutsi population of almost exactly 800,000, or 10.8% of the overall population, on the eve of the genocide... In comparison with estimates at the higher and lower ends, my estimate is significantly lower than the Government of Rwanda’s genocide census figure of 1,006,031 Tutsi killed. I believe this number is not credible.
Guichaoua, André (2020). "Counting the Rwandan Victims of War and Genocide: Concluding Reflections". Journal of Genocide Research. 22 (1): 125–141. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1703329. S2CID 213471539.
Sjöberg, Erik (2016). The Making of the Greek Genocide: Contested Memories of the Ottoman Greek Catastrophe (به انگلیسی). Berghahn Books. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-78533-326-2. Activists tend to inflate the overall total of Ottoman Greek deaths, from the cautious estimates between 300,000 to 700,000...
Perdue, Peter C. (2005). China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01684-2.
"Russians won't admit expulsion of Circassians was genocide — but Ukrainians should". Euromaiden Press. 2016-05-21.
Shenfield, Stephen D. (1999). Levine, Mark D; Penny Roberts (eds.). The Circassians: A Forgotten Genocide. Massacres in History. p. 154. The number who died in the Circassian catastrophe of the 1860s could hardly, therefore, be less than one million, and may well have been closer to one-and-a-half million
"145th Anniversary of the Circassian Genocide and the Sochi Olympics Issue". Reuters. May 22, 2009. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
Ellen Barry (May 20, 2011). "Georgia Says Russia Committed Genocide in 19th Century". The New York Times.
Richmond, Walter. The Circassian Genocide. p. 132. If we assume that Berzhe's middle figure of 50,000 was close to the number who survived to settle in the lowlands, then between 95 percent and 97 percent of all Circassians were killed outright, died during Evdokimov's campaign, or were deported.
Dummett, Mark (2011-12-16). "How one newspaper report changed world history". BBC News (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2020-08-04.
"Bangladesh war: The article that changed history – Asia". BBC. 2010-03-25. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
"GENOCIDES from 1915 to 2006". Archived from the original on 2019-04-14.
R.J. Rummel (January 1997). Death By Government. Routledge. p. 331. ISBN 1-56000-927-6. The human death toll over only 267 days was incredible. Just to give for five out of the eighteen districts some incomplete statistics published in Bangladesh newspapers or by an Inquiry Committee, the Pakistani army killed 100,000 Bengalis in Dacca, 150,000 in Khulna, 75,000 in Jessore, 95,000 in Comilla, and 100,000 in Chittagong. For eighteen districts the total is 1,247,000 killed. This was an incomplete toll, and to this day no one really knows the final toll. Some estimates of the democide (i.e. Rummel's 'death by government') are much lower—one is of 300,000 dead—but most range from 1 million to 3 million. … The Pakistani army and allied paramilitary groups killed about one out of every sixty-one people in Pakistan overall; one out of every twenty-five Bengalis, Hindus, and others in East Pakistan. If the rate of killing for all of Pakistan is annualized over the years the Yahya martial law regime was in power (March 1969 to December 1971), then this one regime was more lethal than that of the Soviet Union, China under the communists, or Japan under the military (even through World War II).
Travis, Hannibal (December 2006). Native Christians Massacred': The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I. Genocide Studies and Prevention. Vol. 1. pp. 327–371.
"Assyrian Genocide". Lexicorient.
Excluding the Jews and Roma people sent to the German extermination camps.
"Axis Invasion of Yugoslavia – Croatia". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2010. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
Other sources give higher numbers for Serbian deaths, as in Ball, Howard (2011). Genocide: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-59884-488-7. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
Reyntjens, Filip (2009). The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006 (PDF). New York: Cambridge University Press.
F. Emizet, Kisangani N. (July 2000). "The Massacre of Refugees in Congo: A Case of UN Peacekeeping Failure and International Law". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 38 (2): 163–202. doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000330X. JSTOR 161648.
König, Ulrich (1989). Sinti und Roma unter dem Nationalsozialismus (به آلمانی). Bochum: Brockmeyer. ISBN 978-3-88339-705-4. The count of half a million Sinti and Roma murdered between 1939 and 1945 is too low to be tenable.
Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-231-50590-1. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
"Germany unveils Roma Holocaust memorial: Memorial commemorates the 500,000 Roma victims of the Nazi Holocaust during World War II". aljazeera.com. October 25, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
Latham, Judith, ed. (1995). "First US Conference on Gypsies in the Holocaust". Current Affairs Bulletin (3–23928). Some estimates are higher, e.g. Sybil Milton: "Something between a half-million and a million-and-a-half Romanies and Sinti were murdered in Nazi Germany and Occupied Europe between 1939 and 1945"
Goldman, Wendy Z. (2011). Inventing the Enemy: Denunciation and Terror in Stalin's Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-521-19196-8.
Joshua Rubenstein. "The Devils' Playground". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-04-26. Rubenstein is the Northeast regional director of Amnesty International USA and a co-editor of The Unknown Black Book: The Holocaust in the German-Occupied Soviet Territories.
Almost all victims of the NKVD shootings were men, wrote Michał Jasiński, most with families. Their wives and children were dealt with by the NKVD Order No. 00486. The women were generally sentenced to deportation to Kazakhstan for an average of 5 to 10 years. Orphaned children without relatives willing to take them were put in orphanages to be brought up as Soviet, with no knowledge of their origins. All possessions of the accused were confiscated. The parents of the executed men – as well as their in-laws – were left with nothing to live on, which usually sealed their fate as well. Statistical extrapolation, wrote Jasiński, increases the number of Polish victims in 1937–1938 to around 200–250,000 depending on size of their families.
Michael Ellman, Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited بایگانی‌شده در ۱۴ اکتبر ۲۰۰۷ توسط Wayback Machine PDF file page 686
Wong, Tom K. (2015). Rights, Deportation, and Detention in the Age of Immigration Control. Stanford University Press. p. 68. شابک ۹۷۸۰۸۰۴۷۹۴۵۷۲. LCCN 2014038930. page 68
Chanturiya, Kazbek (23 February 2017). "After 73 years, the memory of Stalin's deportation of Chechens and Ingush still haunts the survivors". OC Media. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
Wood, Tony. Chechnya: the Case for Independence. pp. 37–38.
Nekrich, Aleksandr (1978). The Punished Peoples.
Dunlop. Russia Confronts Chechnya. pp. 62–70.
Moshe Gammer (2006). Lone Wolf and the Bear. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 166–171. ISBN 0-8229-5898-8.
"Soviet Transit, Camp, and Deportation Death Rates". hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
https://combatgenocide.org/?page_id=91
Guha-Sapir, Debarati; Degomme, Olivier (2005). "Darfur: counting the deaths (2). What are the trends?". Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters.
Reeves, Eric (2006-04-28). "Quantifying Genocide in Darfur".
Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000). Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings.
*This estimates comes from taking the minimum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the minimum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report" (PDF).
"The CAVR Report". Archived from the original on 2012-05-13.
Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000). Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings:*This estimates comes from taking the maximum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the maximum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report". cavr-timorleste.org. Archived from the original on May 13, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
White, Matthew. "Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century: C. Burundi (1972–73, primarily Hutu killed by Tutsi) 120,000".
"International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi". ¶ 85. 2002. The Micombero regime responded with a genocidal repression that is estimated to have caused over a hundred thousand victims and forced several hundred thousand Hutus into exile
Krueger, Robert; Krueger, Kathleen Tobin (2007). From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi: Our Embassy Years During Genocide (PDF). University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71486-1 (PDF). p. 29.
"Between October 2002 and January 2003, two the rebel groups, the MLC and RCD-N in the East of the Congo launched a premeditated, systematic genocide against the local tribes and Pygmies nicknamed operation "Effacer le Tableau" ("erase the board"). During their offensive against the civilian population of the Ituri region, the rebel groups left more than 60,000 dead and over 100,000 displaced. The rebels even engaged in slavery and cannibalism. Human Rights Reports state that this was due to the fact that rebel groups, often far away from their bases of supply and desperate for food, enslaved the Pygmies on captured farms to grow provisions for their militias or when times get really tough simply slaughter them like animals and devour their flesh which some believe gives them magical powers. 11. Fatality Level of Dispute (military and civilian fatalities): 70,000 estimated" see: Raja Seshadri (7 November 2005). "Pygmies in the Congo Basin and Conflict". Case Study 163. The Inventory of Conflict & Environment, دانشگاه امریکن. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
Penketh, Anne (2004-07-07). "Extermination of the pygmies". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
Straus, Scott (2015-03-24). Making and Unmaking Nations: The Origins and Dynamics of Genocide in Contemporary Africa (به انگلیسی). Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-5567-4.
Jones, Adam (2017-01-22). Genocide, war crimes and the West: history and complicity. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84277-191-4.
"Investigating genocide in Somaliland". Retrieved April 16, 2018.
GENOCIDE IN IRAQ Human Rights Watch, 1993
The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign PBS Frontline
Vladimir Geiger (2012). "Human Losses of the Croats in World War II and the Immediate Post-War Period Caused by the Chetniks (Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland) and the Partisans (People's Liberation Army and the Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia/Yugoslav Army) and the Communist Authorities: Numerical Indicators". Revue für Kroatische Geschichte = Revue d'Histoire Croate. VIII (1): 77–121.
"Sri Lanka's dead and missing: the need for an accounting". Crisis Group (به انگلیسی). 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
Petrie, Charles (2012). "Report of the Secretary-General's Internal Review Panel on United Nations Action in Sri Lanka". United Nations Digital Library System (به انگلیسی).
"Emerging Voices: Sri Lanka's Tamils Need Genocide Recognition and Innovative Justice Mechanisms". Opinio Juris (به انگلیسی). 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2020-06-09.
Buckley, Cynthia J.; Ruble, Blair A.; Hofmann, Erin Trouth (2008). Migration, Homeland, and Belonging in Eurasia. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-8018-9075-8.
Allworth, Edward (1998). The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-8223-1994-8. LCCN 97019110. OCLC 610947243.
page, 34. ""Punished Peoples" of the Soviet Union: The Continuing Legacy of Stalin's Deportations" (PDF). Human Rights Watch 1991.
Nuhn, Walter (1989). Sturm über Südwest. Der Hereroaufstand von 1904 (به آلمانی). Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 978-3-7637-5852-4.
"Revised and Updated Report on thè Question of the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide". Whitaker Report. United Nations. According to the 1985 United Nations' Whitaker Report, some 65,000 Herero (80 percent of the total Herero population), and 10,000 Nama (50% of the total Nama population) were killed between 1904 and 1907
(Moses 2008، ص. 296).
Sarkin-Hughes, Jeremy (2008). Colonial Genocide and Reparations Claims in the 21st Century: The Socio-Legal Context of Claims under International Law by the Herero against Germany for Genocide in Namibia, 1904-1908. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Security International. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-313-36256-9.
Schaller, Dominik J. (2008). From Conquest to Genocide: Colonial Rule in German Southwest Africa and German East Africa. NY: Berghahn Books. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-84545-452-4.
Friedrichsmeyer, Sara L.; Lennox, Sara; Zantop, Susanne M. (1998). The Imperialist Imagination: German Colonialism and Its Legacy. University of Michigan Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-472-09682-4.
(Nuhn 1989).
Hoffmann, Anette (2007). Marie-Aude Baronian; Stephan Besser; Yolande Jansen (eds.). Diaspora and Memory: Figures of Displacement in Contemporary Literature, Arts and Politics. Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-420-2129-7. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
"Germany admits Namibia genocide". BBC. August 14, 2004. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
"German minister says sorry for genocide in Namibia". The Guardian. August 16, 2004. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
"UN Whitaker Report on Genocide, 1985". Prevent Genocide International. paragraphs 14 to 24, pages 5 to 10
Namely the 83% of the "fully identified" 42,275 civilians killed by human rights violations during the Guatemalan Civil War. See (CEH 1999، ص. 17), and "Press Briefing: Press conference by members of the Guatemala Historical Clarification Commission". United Nations. 1 March 1999. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
Applying the same proportion as for the fully identified victims to the estimated total amount of person killed or disappeared during the Guatemalan civil war (at least 200.000). See (CEH 1999، ص. 17).
Benjamin Madley
An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe,1846–1873
"California Genocide". PBS. Archived from the original on 2007-07-08. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
Only the range of deaths caused by massacred
The total population decline of the period overall
Tatz, Colin (2006). Roger Maaka; Chris Andersen (eds.). "Confronting Australian Genocide". The Indigenous Experience: Global Perspectives. Canadian Scholars Press. 25: 16–36. ISBN 978-1-55130-300-0. PMID 19514155.
Evans, Raymond; Ørsted–Jensen, Robert (2014-07-09). "I Cannot Say the Numbers that Were Killed': Assessing Violent Mortality on the Queensland Frontier". AHA (paper). University of Queensland: Social Science Research Network. SSRN 2467836.
James Bennett (14 December 2017). "Rohingya death toll likely above 10,000, MSF says amid exodus". ABC. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
Laignee Barron (8 March 2018). "More Than 43,000 Rohingya Parents May Be Missing. Experts Fear They Are Dead". Time. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
Most recent estimate from the ICMP for Srebrenica alone: "ICMP and the Srebrenica Genocide" (PDF). International Commission on Missing Persons. July 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
Calic, Marie–Janine (2012). "Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995". In Ingrao, Charles W.; Emmert, Thomas A. (eds.). Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. pp. 139–40. ISBN 978-1-55753-617-4. Footnotes in source identify numbers as June 2012.
The two figures consider all Bosniak civilians killed during the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the second figure, see: Ball, Patrick; Tabeau, Ewa; Verwimp, Philip (17 June 2007). "The Bosnian Book of Dead: Assessment of the Database" (PDF). Falmer: The Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
Zwierzchowski, Jan; Tabeau, Ewa (1 February 2010). "The 1992–95 War in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Census-Based Multiple System Estimation of Casualties' Undercount" (PDF). Conference Paper for the International Research Workshop on 'The Global Costs of Conflict'. The Households in Conflict Network (HiCN) and The German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) 1–2 February 2010, Berlin: 15.
Girard 2011, pp. 319–322.
Chapman, Anne (2010). European Encounters with the Yamana People of Cape Horn, Before and After Darwin (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51379-1.
Adhikari, Mohamed; Carmichael, Cathie; Jones, Adam; Kapila, Shruti; Naimark, Norman; Weitz, Eric D. (2018). "Genocide and Global and/or World History: Reflections". Journal of Genocide Research. 20 (1): 134–153. doi:10.1080/14623528.2017.1363476. S2CID 80081680.
Gardini, Walter (1984). "Restoring the Honour of an Indian Tribe-Rescate de una tribu". Anthropos (به آلمانی). 79 (4/6): 645–7.
Ray, Leslie (2007). Language of the Land: The Mapuche in Argentina and Chile. Copenhagen: IWGIA (International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs). p. 95. ISBN 978-879156337-9.
Spencer, Richard (2014-10-14). "Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms". Daily Telegraph (به انگلیسی). ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
Boezio, Geraldine. "Four years after Da'esh's attacks on the Sinjar region of Iraq, survivors of sexual violence still await justice – United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict" (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2019-10-13.
Kopel, Dave; Gallant, Paul; Eisen, Joanne D. (2003-04-11). "A Moriori Lesson: a brief history of pacifism". National Review.
"Tommy Solomon". Archived from the original on 2016-01-23.
King, Michael (2011). The Silence Beyond. Penguin. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-4596-2301-9.
Denise Davis; Māui Solomon (28 Oct 2008). "Moriori: The impact of new arrivals". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. NZ Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
King, Michael (2000). Moriori: a People Rediscovered; revised ed. Viking. pp. 57–58. ISBN 0-14-010391-0. Original edition 1989
"The Genocide". Moriori Genocide. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
King, Michael (1989). "Moriori: A People Rediscovered". آوکلند: Viking: 136.
"Діти війни". childrenofwar.gov.ua (به اوکراینی). Retrieved 2023-07-01.
(Clements 2013، صص. 329–331)
من گارگین فتائی از ارامنهء ایران هستم .